On April 15, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed an Executive Order to investigate the national security implications of the U.S. dependence on imported processed critical minerals and their derivative products. The Secretary of Commerce has been directed to conduct a Section 232 investigation under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. This investigation will evaluate vulnerabilities in supply chains and the potential economic impacts of foreign market distortions. The findings will inform recommendations aimed at enhancing domestic production and mitigating risks associated with reliance on foreign sources.

The Executive Order underscores concerns that overreliance on foreign critical minerals could compromise U.S. defense capabilities and economic stability. Critical minerals, including rare earth elements, are essential for various applications, such as defense systems and advanced technologies. Recent actions by foreign nations, particularly China, to restrict exports of these vital materials have raised concerns about possible supply chain disruptions and economic coercion, highlighting the necessity for a comprehensive assessment of the situation.

This initiative builds on the Trump Administration’s broader trade policy, which aims to protect American interests and ensure fair trade practices. Previous measures include tariffs targeting countries with significant trade deficits with the U.S. and investigations into other imports that may pose threats to national security. The overarching goal is to establish a secure and sustainable domestic supply chain for critical materials to strengthen national security and economic resilience.

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